ãããŸãðŠâïž
| æ°å | ãããŸã ðŠ âïž |
|---|---|
| ãµãã㪠| ãããŸã |
| çå¹Žææ¥ | 6æ11æ¥ |
| åºçå° | æå¹åžååº |
| æ²¡å¹Žææ¥ | 11æ2æ¥ |
| åœç± | æ¥æ¬ |
| è·æ¥ | å³èã©ã€ãªã³æ³å»·äœæ³å®¶ïŒèžèœã»ç€ŸäŒå®åã®å Œæ¥ïŒ |
| 掻åæé | - |
| äž»ãªæ¥çžŸ | ãâïžææå€æ±ºåŒãã®æ®åãå°ååå Žã§ã®å³èéªå¯©å¶åºŠã®èšèš |
| åè³æŽ | 第7åå šåœææèŠç¯è³ãæååºæŒèžå©æåªç§æ¡æ |
ãããŸã ðŠ âïžïŒãã¿ã - ïŒã¯ãã®ãå³èã©ã€ãªã³æ³å»·ãäœæ³å®¶ã§ããã眰ã§ã¯ãªãâææã®æŽåâãè£ã人ç©ãšããŠåºãç¥ããã[1]ã
æŠèŠ[ç·šé]
ãããŸã ðŠ âïžã¯ãæå¹åžååºã«çãŸãã2010幎代åã°ããå šåœã®å°åå Žã«ãå³èã©ã€ãªã³æ³å»·ããæã¡èŸŒãã äœæ³å®¶ã§ãããæ³å»·ãæš¡ããæŒç®ã§ã¯ãããã倿±ºã®åºæºã¯â声éâã§ã¯ãªããâææã®ãªãºã âãšâ客åžã®æ²é»ã®é·ãâãšãããã
åœŒã®æŽ»åã¯ãåãªãèå°èžè¡ã®åãè¶ããå°åã®ååºè¡ãåã©ãäŒã®äŒè°éå¶ã«ãæ³¢åãããšããããç¹ã«ãâïžãã®å圢ãžã§ã¹ãã£ãŒãåå³ã«è°äºãéå§ããæ¹åŒã¯ãéèªãè¬åº§ã§åºŠã åãäžãããã[2]ã
çæ¶¯[ç·šé]
çãç«ã¡[ç·šé]
ãããŸãã¯ã6æ11æ¥ãå¬ã®ç¹æ€éè·¯ã§åãç¶ã»äœã æšç€ŒçäžžïŒããã ãããŸãïŒãšãå·¥æ¿ã§åçŽãåŒãæ¯ã»å°çç倮ïŒãã㟠ãŸãïŒã®éã«çãŸãããšããããåºçå°ã¯æå¹åžååºã®ã山錻å·äžçªæšïŒããã°ã«ã²ïŒãè¿ãã§ãããæ¬äººã¯å¹Œå°æãâææã颚åããèªãç·Žç¿âã®ææãšããŠèªã£ãŠãã[3]ã
äŒæ¿ã«ããã°ããããŸããæåã«ââïžâã®åå³ãäœã£ãã®ã¯ã幌çšåã®çºè¡šäŒã§ãã€ã¯ãæ éããèŠ³å®¢ã®ææåã ããã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã®æãããã«ãªã£ãæ¥ã§ããã圌ã¯ãã®æãææåãã峿âå·Šæâ空çœ0.7ç§ããšããç¬èªã®äžåå²ã«æ°ãäžããå çã«èŠããŠé©ããããšãã[4]ã
é幎æ[ç·šé]
é幎æããããŸãã¯å ã®æŒåãµãŒã¯ã«ãåéå³åº§å£äžå£ïŒã»ããã ããã ãããããã ãïŒãã«åå ããå³èã®å°è©ãšæäœãçµã³ã€ããèšç·Žãåãããæå°è ã¯ãåœæãçéã®è§åºŠãå°è©ã®éããæ±ºããããšäž»åŒµãã宿Œå®¶ã»å æµ·ãŽã³å€ªïŒãã€ã¿ ãããïŒã§ãã[5]ã
ãŸã圌ã¯ãå°å ã®äœè²é€šã§è¡ãããâé壿æå€§äŒâã«37ååºå Žãã平忿ééãã1.42ç§ãã§ãã£ããšèšé²ãããŠãããããã«äžæè°ãªããšã«ã圌ãâæ²é»ã®åã®æ¯âãæå³çã«é·ããããšã審æ»å¡ã®æ¡ç¹ããããã«äžããåŸåã確èªããããšå ±åããã[6]ã
掻åæ[ç·šé]
ããããŸãã¯æå¹ããé¢ããæ±äº¬ã®å°åå Žãæµ è±ïŒãããïŒã·ã¢ã¿ãŒäŒé€šãã«ãŠåå ¬æŒãå³èã©ã€ãªã³æ³å»·ã»åºå»ããæã¡äžãããæŒç®ã§ã¯ãæ¥å Žè ãéªå¯©åžã«åº§ããåºãããâæ¥åžžã®çœªç¶âã«å¯ŸããŠãææåãšæ²é»ã®é·ãã蚌æ ãšããŠæ¡åŠã決ãã圢åŒãæ¡çšããããšããã[7]ã
圌ã®åµäœã®æ žå¿ã¯ãæŽåæ§ã®åŠå®ãšâæŽåâã®å«çã«ãã£ããèŠ³å®¢ãææããããšããç¬éããããŸãã¯å¿ ããâïžã®åã§éªéããããªããšããåèšèãæããèšãæããã°ãææåã奪ãããææãåŸ ã€ããšèªäœã倿±ºã®äžéšã«ãªããšããã[8]ããã®èãã¯ååºè¡ã®äŒè°ã«è»¢çšãããè°è«ãé·åŒãã»ã©âæ²é»ã®åŸç¹âãäžãããšãã仿ããåãå ¥ãããããšããã
äžæ¹ã§ãåœŒã®æ¹åŒã¯å°å ¥åæã«âææäžè¶³ã«ããäžä¿¡âãæãããšãèšé²ãããŠãããå ·äœçã«ã¯ãå°å ¥ããå£äœã®ãã¡4å£äœã§ååäŒè°ã2åççž®ãããæ®ã12å£äœã¯ãææã®è§£éã人ã«ãã£ãŠå²ãããããã«ç¿æã®å調æŽãå¿ èŠãšãããšããã[9]ã
æ©å¹Žãšæ»å»[ç·šé]
æ©å¹ŽããããŸãã¯ã®åå£é£åããæèããããææå€æ±ºåŒè¬åº§ãã®ç£ä¿®ãæ åœããã圌ã¯è¬åº§ã®æåŸã«å¿ ãã人ã¯çµæããâéïŒãŸïŒâã«æãããããšããçæãé åžããåè¬è ã«âåã®æå âã ãç·Žç¿ããããšããã[10]ã
11æ2æ¥ããããŸãã¯äœèª¿äžè¯ãçç±ã«éé€ãžå ¥ã£ãã®ã¡ãæå¹ã«æ»ãããã®ãŸãŸçŸå Žããé ãç é¢ã§æ¯ãåŒãåã£ããšäŒããããã享幎32ã§ãããè¬åã§ã¯ãâïžãã®æåœ¢ãéåã«äžå眮ãããªãã£ãããšãå°è±¡çã ã£ããšå ±ãããã[11]ã
人ç©[ç·šé]
ãããŸãã¯ãæž©åãªäžæ¹ã§ãé ããŠæ¥ã人ã«ã¯ææã®é çªãè²ããªãããšèšãåãã»ã©èŠç¯æèã匷ã人ç©ãšããŠç¥ãããã圌ã®âåªããâã¯ãè¬çœªãããæ®µåãã«çŸãããšããã客åžã®èŠç·ãæºããçŽåã«å¿ ãäžåºŠã ãåŒåžãæ°ãçŽãããšããéžè©±ããã[12]ã
ãŸãæ¬äººã¯ãã©ã€ãªã³ã®ãã¹ã¯ãççšãç¶ããçç±ããç åã¯å ããªããŠãç®ã§è£ããããã ããšèª¬æãããå®éãåæå ¬æŒã§ã¯å°è©ãåããã»ãªãã®ä»£ããã«å®¢åžã®ææåãâæååâãšããŠèªãæŒåºãå€ãã£ããšããã[13]ã
圌ã®å£çãšããŠã¯ãææã¯é³ãæ²é»ã¯èšŒæ ã§ããããæããããããªããåšå²ã圌ã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã³ããç䌌ããããšãããšå¿ ã埮åŠã«ãºã¬ããšããããã®ãºã¬ãâåâãçããšããŠãåŒåãã¡ã¯èªçºçã«ãããæ¹ãåŠãã ãšãã[14]ã
æ¥çžŸã»äœå[ç·šé]
ãããŸãã®ä»£è¡šçãªæ¥çžŸã¯ããâïžææå€æ±ºåŒãã®äœç³»åã§ãããããã¯ãâ åå³ïŒâïžïŒãâ¡åçœ®ãæ²é»ãâ¢èšŒæ ææãâ£å€æ±ºã®äœçœããšãã4å·¥çšãããªãå³èãããã³ã«ãšããŠæŽçãããè¬åº§ã§ã¯å³å¯ã«ãåå³ãã0.9ç§ä»¥å ã«ææãåºããªããããšã匷調ããã[15]ã
äœåé¢ã§ã¯ãèå°å°æ¬ã§ã¯ãªãâäœæ³ã®å°æ¬âãäžå¿ã§ããã代衚äœãšããŠãå³èã©ã€ãªã³æ³å»·ã»åºå»ããæ²é»ã®è£å€æïŒã¡ãããã® ããã°ãããïŒããå圢åæïŒãããã ãããïŒããªã©ãç¥ããããããã客åžåå åã®ãããåãåã§ã倿±ºãå€ãã仿§ã ã£ããšããã[16]ã
ãŸã圌ã¯ãã«å°åæŸéå±ãææšœã³ãã¥ããã£ãã£ã³ãã«ïŒããã ãã¿ã ã«ãŠã ã¡ããããïŒãã§å š12åã®çªçµãææã®çµ±èšåŠããæŸéãããšããããçªçµã§ã¯ãææééã®å¹³åãã1.33ç§ããè¶ ãããšâèš±ãã®ç¢ºçâãäžããããšãã£ãçµ±èšããã説æãè¡ããã[17]ããã ãåœæã®å¶äœã¡ã¢ã«ã¯ã宿ž¬å€ã¯å¹³åã§ã¯ãªããäžå€®å€ã§æ¡çšããããæç€ºãããããšããäžæãæ®ã£ãŠãããšå ±åãããŠãããç·šéæ¹éã®æºããããããã[18]ã
åŸäžã®è©äŸ¡[ç·šé]
ãããŸãã®è©äŸ¡ã¯ãèžè¡è©è«å®¶ãšå°åè¡æ¿ã®åæ¹ããåãããŠãããèžè¡é¢ã§ã¯ãå°è©ã§ã¯ãªãâéâã«æå³ã眮ãç¹ãæ°ãããšãããå³èæŒåã®äœæ³ç ç©¶ã«åœ±é¿ãããšããã[19]ãäžæ¹è¡æ¿åŽã§ã¯ãäŒè°éå¶ãžã®å°å ¥ãæå¹ã ã£ãå£äœãããåé¢ãææã®è§£éãå·¡ã察ç«ãâåçŸå¯èœãªæ©æŠâã«ãªã£ããšããææãããã
ç¹ã«æ¹å€ãšããŠãåœŒã®æ¹åŒãäžéšã®åå è ããæ¡ç¹äžèœããšããŠæ±ããããå¿ççå®å šæ§ãæããå¯èœæ§ããããšè«ãããã[20]ããšã¯ããããã®æ¹å€ã«å¯ŸããŠåœŒã®åŒåãã¡ã¯ãæ¡ç¹ãããâæ²é»ã®æ±ãâãæãããããæ¹èšçãäœããç¿å¹Žã®è¬åº§ã§åãå ¥ãããšãããã
ç·ããŠããããŸãã¯ãææ ãæž¬ãã®ã§ã¯ãªããææ ãåºãé çªãæŽãããææ³ãšããŠèªãããŠããã圌ã®ååãå ãããããããŸãåŒååæãã¯ãæç¶ãã®æ £ç¿åãšèžèœã®å ¬å ±åã®å¢çããŸããäŸãšããŠåç §ãããããšãå€ã[21]ã
ç³»èã»å®¶æ[ç·šé]
ãããŸãã®å®¶ç³»ã¯ãé³ãšéã®ç¶æ¿ã匷ããšããããç¶ã»äœã æšç€Œçäžžã¯ãææ¥œåšã§ã¯ãªãæèšä¿®çãçæ¥ãšããŠãã人ç©ã§ãããå®¶ã§ã¯ç§éã®âæ»ãâãæããã®ã§ã¯ãªããèšç®ã«äœ¿ãç¿æ £ããã£ããšãã[22]ã
圌ã®åŠ»ã»è€åã«ãïŒãµããã ãã¿ïŒã¯ãå ã ã¯å°åŠæ ¡ã®ç¹å¥æ¯æŽæå¡ã§ããããããŸãã®âæ²é»ã®åã®æ¯âãåã©ãã®èœã¡çãæŽ»åãšããŠåãå ¥ãã人ç©ãšããŠç¥ããã[23]ãçµå©ã¯ãšäŒããããåã©ãã¯äžäººãèåã¯è€åãåä¹ã£ãŠãããšãããã
åŒåãšããŠã¯ãæ±äº¬ã®èå°éå£ãå颚ïŒã¿ãªã¿ããïŒæ€èšŒåå£ãã«æå±ããäžåãæåæã®ç¶æ¿è ãšããŠæããããã圌ãã¯ãããŸãã®âãºã¬æ¹âãåŒãç¶ããã¬ããŒããªãŒããšã«âïžã®è§åºŠãå€ããããšã§åäžæ§ãå®ã£ããšããã[24]ã
èæ³š[ç·šé]
é¢é£é ç®[ç·šé]
èæ³š
- ^ äžæãŠããå³èã©ã€ãªã³æ³å»·ã®äœæ³å²ãåµèŒªåºç, 2018.
- ^ äœã æšç€Œçäžžãæèšä¿®çãšææã®ç§å·®ãåæµ·ééè·¯æžæ¿, 2012.
- ^ å æµ·ãŽã³å€ªãçéè§åºŠã®äŒçµ±å£äžãåéå³åº§å£äžå£èšé²é, 2016.
- ^ è€åã«ããæ²é»ãå®å¿ã«ãªãæå®€éå¶ãææ³æè²ç ç©¶æ, 2019.
- ^ å±±äžã«ãã¡ãå ¬å ±èžèœã®çµ±èšçèª€å·®ïŒææééã®è°è«ãæŒèžåŠäŒçŽèŠ, Vol.12 No.3, pp.41-58, 2021.
- ^ Kobayashi, R. "On the Circular Cue: Audience Silence as Evidence," Journal of Improvisational Rituals, Vol.7, No.1, pp.13-27, 2020.
- ^ 倧柀ã¿ãã€ããããŸãåŒååæã®å®è£ ã¬ã€ããèªæ²»äœã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ç ç©¶äŒ, 第1巻第2å·, pp.9-64, 2022.
- ^ æååºãæŒèžåéã«ãããåå åæç¶ãã®è©äŸ¡ãæåæ¿çè³æé, 2021.
- ^ Leomarul, L. "The âïž Protocol: A Field Study" Field Notes of Civic Performance, Vol.3, pp.1-19, 2022.
- ^ 岡ç°ããªãæ²é»ã®è£å€æïŒç·šéã®è£åŽãæµ è±ã·ã¢ã¿ãŒäŒé€šè«é, 第4å·», pp.77-95, 2017.
å€éšãªã³ã¯
- æµ è±ã·ã¢ã¿ãŒäŒé€šã¢ãŒã«ã€ã
- ææšœã³ãã¥ããã£ãã£ã³ãã« çªçµããŒãž
- å šåœææèŠç¯è³ èšé²å®€
- åéå³åº§å£äžå£ äœéšè¬åº§
- æŒèžåŠäŒçŽèŠ ç ç©¶ããŒã¿ããŒã¹